Sunday 14 December 2014

Film Animation: Task 4 - Film Analysis 2



Film Animation Task 4: Analysis of two films
Introduction
Figure 1: Sleeping Beauty poster. Taken from wikipedia.com (2014)
Sleeping  Beauty is an animated musical fantasy film by Walt Disney Productions, based on Charles Perrault's "The Sleeping Beauty" and "Little Briar Rose" by The Brothers Grimm (Wikipedia.com, 2014).  The narrative revolves around Princess Aurora, who is cursed by the wicked fairy Maleficent to sleep forever by the end of her 16th birthday if she pricks her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel. During the duration of those 16 years, she was taken care of by three good fairies Flora, Fauna and Merryweather, who acted as her caretakers and guardians. During the beginning of her 16th birthday, she meets a handsome stranger in the woods, who is later revealed to be Prince Philip, the son of the neighbouring king who was betrothed to her during the day of her birth, although she does not know it. When she returns home, she was told by the three fairies of her origins and she is heartbroken to know that she must return to her original home. 

As the day of Aurora's birthday draws to a close, however, Maleficent managed to trick her into pricking the spindle of an enchanted spinning wheel, causing her to fall into slumber. The fairies, heartbroken by their failure to protect Aurora, placed a spell on the entire kingdom so that they will only wake up when Aurora is waken up by true love's kiss. The fairies managed to find out that the "stranger" that Aurora met is indeed Prince Philip, and upon finding out that he is taken hostage by Maleficent, went to rescue and help him to defeat Maleficent. With their help, in the end, Prince Philip manages to defeat Maleficent, and goes on to kiss Aurora, causing the spell to be broken and the kingdom to awaken from their slumber. In the end, they lived happily ever after. 


Figure 2: Maleficent poster
Maleficent is a dark fantasy live-action film directed by Robert Stromberg and produced by Walt Disney Pictures (Wikipedia.com, 2014). It is a retelling of the original 1959 animated film Sleeping Beauty, and as with the original, it also uses Charles Perrault's The Sleeping Beauty as its source. The narrative focuses on the eponymous character Maleficent, and tells the narrative almost entirely from her perspective. 

Maleficent begins her life as one of the strongest fairy in the Moors, a realm that all magical beings live. When she was a little child, she meets a human boy at the edge of the Moors, a simple peasant boy by the name of Stefan. The two of them became good friends, and later on they fell in love.
After that, however, Stefan left to pursue his ambition as King, while Maleficent grew to become the Moor's protector. At one point, the king of the nearby kingdom tried to defeat her and claim the Moors for himself and the human kingdom, but Maleficent's power proved too great for him. On his deathbed, the King declared that whoever defeats "the winged creature" will take his place as King. Realizing that this is his chance, Stefan tricked Maleficent and took her wings from her to be presented to the King. Angry and devastated to find out that she is tricked, Maleficent swore that no human would ever step foot on the Moors again and swore that Stefan will pay for what he has done.
On the day of Aurora's birth, Maleficent cursed her that she will fall asleep forever if she pricks her finger on the spindle of a spinning wheel  by the end of her 16th birthday, and can only awaken by true love's first kiss. Devastated, Stefan orders all spinning wheels to be burned down while the three "good fairies", Knotgrass, Thistlewit and Flittle takes on the responsibility of taking care of Aurora -- but they proved to be incompetent on the job, and only thought of themselves. During those years, Maleficent takes care of her from the shadows. At first her intentions is only to see that her curse is fulfilled, but over time she starts getting attached to her. 

As Aurora grows up, she starts meeting Maleficent more often, and Maleficent starts getting more attached to her, and tries to break the curse -- but she fails to do so. Meanwhile, Stefan is growing more and more paranoid, convinced that Maleficent will return to take her revenge on him. As a result, he ordered his ironworkers to cover the entire castle and create weapons from iron, which is Maleficent's weakness . 

On the evening of her 16th birthday, Aurora learns that Maleficent is the one who cursed her, and she runs back to the castle, only to be imprisoned by her father in order to prevent the curse from happening. However, before the day ended, Maleficent's curse has been done, and she falls into a deep slumber. Even though Maleficent brought Prince Philip to break the spell, it is proved that it does not work -- and she believes that her curse will never be broken. Heartbroken, she tells Aurora that she cares for her a lot, and kisses her on the cheek. Miraculously, Aurora wakes up, proving that "true love" does not always mean romantic love. 

Upon escaping, however, Stefan and his soldiers attacked Maleficent, but with the help of Aurora who freed her wings, Maleficent managed to subdue the soldiers, but Stefan is killed in the end. In the end, Aurora takes her father's place as queen, and becomes central in uniting both the kingdom and the Moors. 

Narrative

The narrative for both stories are similar yet different from each other -- the narrative of Sleeping Beauty focuses on Aurora and how the story revolves around her, while the narrative of Maleficent focuses on the character Maleficent. Much of the narrative in Maleficent is changed from the original Sleeping Beauty, to make it so that Maleficent is the central character and not the antagonist of the story. 

The main difference between the narratives of Sleeping Beauty and Maleficent however is that Sleeping Beauty is plot-driven, while Maleficent is more character-driven. The narrative of Sleeping Beauty focuses on how Aurora's curse is broken over the span of 16 years, leaving little room for character development. In Maleficent, however, the narrative focuses more on character development and the relationship between the characters, giving it a more solid plot and narrative to the film. That the film focuses mainly on how Maleficent interacts with the other characters in the film helps shape the plot of the film, as much of the plot is driven by the actions she takes in the scenes and how she relates to other characters. 

Mise-en-scene

Lighting
Figure 3 : Scene in Sleeping Beauty. Personal collection

Sleeping Beauty has an overall relatively low lighting -- while in some scenes the lighting is brighter than others, it mostly uses relatively low lighting to establish the setting of the story, marked by how the colors of the overall film are mostly muted. Only a few scenes of the story are marked with bright lighting marked by the bright colors that are seen in the film. The lighting in the foreground is also markedly brighter than the lighting in the background -- actors in the foreground are often marked with brighter, more vibrant colors as opposed to the colors of the background. 

Figure 4: Scene in Maleficent. Personal collection (2014)

In Maleficent, however, the lighting serves mostly to convey a sense of time and also marking the difference between the two main settings where the plot takes place. For instance, the Moors are characterized by brighter lighting as opposed to the human kingdom, which is mostly set in low lighting mostly throughout the film. Even in low lighting, the film also tries to mark the vibrance of the Moors using some high-key lighting. 


Figure 5: Scene in Maleficent. Personal collection (2014)

This is also how Sleeping Beauty is similar to Maleficent in some ways -- the lighting is also used in the animated film to mark a difference in setting. For example, in Maleficent's lair, low lighting is used characterized by darker colors, while the forest, while still utilizing a relatively low light, is marked with brighter colors and lighting. 

Setting
Figure 6: Scene in Maleficent, showing the social setting. Personal collection (2014)

The setting is mostly used to establish the differences between class and race. In Maleficent, there are two main settings of the film: the Moors and the human kingdom. In the Moors, the society that lives there consist of magical folk such as pixies and fairies, while the human kingdom consists of a normal human society. The social setting is also different -- while the human kingdom has a formal administrative system ( the monarchy), the Moors have little to no social hierarchy at all, although many of the residents regard the main character as the keeper and leader of the beings of the Moors.
Figure 7: Scene in Sleeping Beauty, showing social setting. Personal collection (2014)

In Sleeping Beauty, it is the same, but what would have been the Moors in Maleficent only consists of the Forbidden Mountain, where the antagonist lives with her goons. It shares the same social setting as the live-action film, however, in a sense that there is a difference between the human and non-human societies. 

Actors

What is most important in these two films, thus what marks them so different from each other, are perhaps the roles of the actors that play their part in the film. Maleficent, in the original Sleeping Beauty, is the main antagonist of the film. In the eponymous film, however, she is the protagonist. Her role is significantly reversed in Maleficent, even when the film makes a nod to her antagonistic role that she originally plays in Sleeping Beauty during the scene where she curses Aurora.

Figures 8 and 9: Maleficent in Sleeping Beauty and Maleficent. Personal collection (2014)

Another actor whose role is significantly changed between the two films is King Stefan. In Sleeping Beauty, he is a minor character, and only plays his role as a comic relief in the film alongside King Hubert, another minor character. He plays a more significant role in Maleficent, however, and switches to being the antagonist of the film -- starting from the point where he steals Maleficent's wings to his paranoia that Maleficent will return to act her revenge on him. In that sense, King Stefan's role is significantly changed. 
 

Figures 10 and 11: King Stefan (pictured right) in Sleeping Beauty and Maleficent. Personal collection (2014)

Aurora also plays a very significant role as opposed to the original film. Even though she is considered the protagonist of Sleeping Beauty, she hardly plays a very significant role -- and her story and curse is only there to drive the plot forward. In Maleficent, she has more of a connection to the eponymous character and protagonist, and plays a very significant role in developing both the plot and character development, and her character is much more fleshed out in the film. In a sense, she becomes the focal character, where the audience does not entirely focus on her in the film, but her role is important enough that it also becomes part of the attention that the audience gives within the film. 


Figures 12 and 13: Aurora in Sleeping Beauty and Maleficent. Personal collection (2014)

Prince Philip in Sleeping Beauty also has is role drastically changed within the film. In Sleeping Beauty, he is the focal character that drives most of the plot forward -- it is through his actions in saving Aurora and the kingdom that the film's plot moves forward to its end, playing a huge role in killing Maleficent and breaking the curse with true love's first kiss. However, in Maleficent, he is relegated to the role of the supporting character, where he only makes brief appearances in the film, especially during the significant kissing scene: when Prince Philip manages to break the curse by kissing Aurora in Sleeping Beauty, his kiss fails to do so in Maleficent


Figures 14 and 15: Prince Philip in Sleeping Beauty and Maleficent. Personal collection (2014)

There are also other notable actors that have their roles changed; the three fairies, for example. In Sleeping Beauty, the three fairies are named Flora, Fauna and Merryweather, and they are characterized to be warm and caring, and selfless. In Maleficent, their names are changed to Flittle, Thistlewit and Knotgrass, and their characterization are significantly different than those of Flora, Fauna and Merryweather in the sense that they are marked as childish, immature and selfish. Even the pet crow that Maleficent owns in Sleeping Beauty has its role changed; in Maleficent, he now plays a more significant role, and even has a name: Diaval. 

Figure 16: The fairies in Sleeping Beauty and Maleficent. Personal collection (2014)

Figure 17: The character Diaval. Personal collection (2014)

Camera shots and angles

The camera shots in Sleeping Beauty mostly consist of long shots where they show the full body of the characters, emphasizing on the overall action that takes place within the frame. This is important considering that Sleeping Beauty is more plot-driven; most of the action encompasses the entire shot, thus giving more room for the audience to see what is happening in the film. Usage of close-ups and medium shots are often use to convey the emotions of the actors and to provide an emotional impact.
Figure 18: Scene from Sleeping Beauty, an example of a full shot. Personal collection (2014)

It is the reverse with Maleficent -- long shots are often used to establish setting, but much of the film employs medium shots, over the shoulder shots and close ups to better focus on the actors and their interactions, as it is more of a character-driven film. 

Figure 19: Scene from Maleficent, an example of an over-the-shoulder shot. Personal collection (2014)

Conclusion

Sleeping Beauty is one of Disney's very iconic animated films -- Maleficent is regarded as Disney's iconic villain, being noted by review website Rotten Tomatoes as "Disney's most sinister villain" (wikipedia.com, 2014), and she has appeared in various other media such as the television series Once Upon a Time, the Kingdom Hearts video game series and also in the Kingdom Keepers book series. Aurora, on the other hand, is also considered an iconic Disney princess and has also appeared in various other media, such as Disney's House of Mouse series and also in the Kingdom Hearts video game series, not to mention also appearing in various other video games under Disney. The film Maleficent gives such a deep, different take on the animated film that the characters and the story has a new meaning, changing what the audience has perceived of these films and characters after all these years.

Reference:
Wikipedia. 2014. Sleeping Beauty (1959 film). [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeping_Beauty_%281959_film%29. [Accessed 13 December 14].
Wikipedia. 2014. Maleficent (1959 film). [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleficent_(film). [Accessed 13 December 14].
Wikipedia. 2014. Maleficent. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleficent. [Accessed 13 December 14].

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